บุคคลสำคัญทางธรณีวิทยา

นักธรณีวิทยา (geologist) คือผู้ที่ศึกษาวิชาธรณีวิทยาหรือมีความรู้ทางธรณีวิทยา ตั้งแต่ในอดีตในช่วงสมัยเดียวกับที่เกิดพระพุทธศาสนาใหม่ๆ จนถึงปัจจุบัน ได้มีวิวัฒนาการการค้นพบทางธรณีวิทยาจากบุคคลต่างๆ มากมาย ซึ่งจากการค้นพบดังกล่าวได้กลายเป็นรากฐานของการศึกษาด้านธรณีวิทยาเป็นต้นมา และปัจจุบันก็ยังคงยึดหลักแนวคิดของบุคคลเหล่านั้นอยู่ นักธรณีวิทยาที่มีชื่อเสียงและมีผลงานโดดเด่นในสาขาต่างๆ คือบุคคลที่ควรได้รับการยกย่อง เพื่อให้นักธรณีรุ่นหลังได้ยึดถือแนวทาง กระบวนการคิด และพัฒนาองค์ความรู้ทางธรณีวิทยาต่อไป

นักธรณีที่มีชื่อเสียงของประเทศไทย

น

• นเรศ สัตยารักษ์

ป

• ประคอง พลหาญ
• ปริญญา นุตาลัย

ว

• วราวุธ สุธีธร

นักธรณีต่างชาติที่มีชื่อเสียงและสายงานที่เกี่ยวข้อง

A

• Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich (1806 – 1886), German mineralogist
• Louis Agassiz (1807 – 1873), Swiss-American geologist, work on ice ages, glaciers, Lake Agassiz
• Georgius Agricola (Georg Bauer) (1494 – 1555), German naturalist and ‘Father of Mineralogy‘, author of De re metallica
• Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522 – 1605), Italy, Renaissance naturalist
• Claude Allègre (b. 1937), prize-winning French geochemist
• Walter Alvarez (b. 1940), USA, author of T. Rex and the Crater of Doom
• Roy Chapman Andrews (1884-1960), American explorer and naturalist; Mongolian dinosaurs
• Mary Anning (1799 – 1847), England, pioneer fossil collector
• Adolphe d’Archiac (1802 – 1868), prize-winning French paleontologist
• Giovanni Arduino (1714 – 1795), Italian, first classification of geological time
• Richard Lee Armstrong (1937-1991), American/Canadian geochemist
• Tanya Atwater, California, USA geophysicist, marine geologist, plate tectonics specialist

B

• Robert T. Bakker (b. 1945), American dinosaur paleontologist; author, The Dinosaur Heresies
• Anthony R. Barringer (b. 1925), Canadian/American geophysicist and inventor
• Florence Bascom (1862-1945), USA, first woman geologist at the US Geological Survey
• Robert Bell, (1841 – 1917), considered Canada’s greatest explorer-scientist
• Walter A. Bell (1889 – 1969), Canadian paleobotanist and stratigrapher
• Etheldred Benett, (1776 – 1845), England, pioneer paleontologist
• Pierre Berthier (1782 – 1861), French geologist, discovered the properties of bauxite
• Stewart Blusson (born 1939), Canada, co-discoverer of Ekati Diamond Mine
• Bruce Bolt (1930 – 2005), USA (born Australia), pioneer engineering seismologist in California
• Norman L. Bowen (1887 – 1956), Canada, pioneer experimental petrologist
• J. Harlen Bretz (1882 – 1981), USA, discovered origin of channeled scablands
• Wallace S. Broecker (born 1931), American paleoclimatologist and chemical oceanographer
• Barnum Brown (1873-1963), USA, famous dinosaur hunter and self-taught paleontologist
• William Buckland (1784 – 1856), England, wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur
• B. Clark Burchfiel, USA, MIT structural geologist, currently studying Tibetan plateau

C

• Stephen E. Calvert, Canadian professor, geologist, oceanographer
• Colin Campbell (born 1931), British petroleum geologist and Peak Oil theorist
• Neil Campbell (1914-1978), Canada, Northwest Territories mineral exploration
• Petr Cerny, Czech/Canadian mineralogist
• Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois (1820 – 1886), France, geologist and mineralogist
• George V. Chilingar, USA, distinguished international petroleum geologist
• Thomas H. Clark (1893 – 1996), Canada, co-author of The Geological Evolution of North America (1960)
• William Branwhite Clarke (1798 – 1878), Australia (born England), discovered gold in New South Wales, 1841
• Hans Cloos (1885 – 1951), prominent German structural geologist
• William Conybeare (1787 – 1857), England, author of Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales (1822)
• Isabel Clifton Cookson (1893 – 1973), prize-winning Australian paleobotanist and palynologist
• Edward Drinker Cope (1840 – 1897), USA, pioneer dinosaur paleontologist; Bone Wars competitor
• Charles Cotton (1885 – 1970), New Zealand, geologist and geomorphologist
• Georges Cuvier (1769 – 1832), France, proponent of catastrophism

D

• James Dwight Dana (1813 – 1895), USA, author of System of Mineralogy (1837)
• Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882), British naturalist, author of On the Origin of Species
• George Mercer Dawson (1849 – 1901), Canada, pioneer Yukon geologist
• John William Dawson (1820 – 1899), Canada, pioneer Acadian geologist
• Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt (1920 – 1998), Belgium geologist, discoverer of the Ishango bone in 1960
• Henry De la Beche (1796 – 1855), England, first director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain
• Duncan R. Derry (1906 – 1987), Canadian economic geologist
• Nicolas Desmarest (1725 – 1815), France, pioneer volcanologist
• William R. Dickinson (b. 1930), Arizona, USA, plate tectonics, Colorado Plateau
• Robert S. Dietz (1914 – 1995), USA, seafloor spreading pioneer
• Robert John Wilson Douglas (1920 – 1979), Canadian petroleum geologist
• Aleksis Dreimanis (b. 1914), Latvia & Canada, award-winning Quaternary geologist
• Clarence Edward Dutton (1841 – 1912), USA, author of Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District

E

• Niles Eldredge (b.1943), American paleontologist; theory of punctuated equilibrium
• Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont (1798 – 1874), France, prepared first geological map of France
• W. G. Ernst (b. 1931), USA, Stanford petrologist and geochemist
• Robert Etheridge, Junior (1847 – 1920), Australian (born England) paleontologist, longtime curator of the Australian Museum
• Maurice Ewing (1906 – 1974), USA, pioneering geophysicist and oceanographer

F

• Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741 – 1819), France, pioneer volcanologist
• Mikhail A. Fedonkin (b. 1946), awarding winning Russian paleontologist
• Walter Frederick Ferrier (1865 – 1950), Canada, mineral collector
• Chuck Fipke, Canada, co-discoverer of Ekati Diamond Mine
• Richard Fortey (b. 1946), England, trilobite paleontologist, author
• Yves O. Fortier (b. 1914), Canada, High Arctic explorer
• William Fyfe (b. 1927, New Zealand), Canada, geochemist

G

• Hubert Gabrielse, prize-winning Canadian geologist
• Robert Garrels (1916 – 1988), American geochemist, revolutionized aqueous geochemistry
• Grove Karl Gilbert (1843 – 1918), USA, influential Western geologist
• James E. Gill (1901 – 1980), Canada, McGill University professor, explorer
• Victor Goldschmidt (1888 – 1947), Norway (born Switzerland), a founder of modern geochemistry
• John Gosse, Canadian geomorphologist
• Stephen Jay Gould (1941 – 2002), American paleontologist and writer
• L.C. Graton (1880 – 1970), USA, Harvard economic geologist
• Alexander Henry Green (1832 – 1896), England, surveyed Derbyshire and Yorkshire
• Henry C. Gunning (1901 – 1991), Canada (born Northern Ireland), British Columbia geologist
• Paul Güssfeldt (1840 – 1920) German geologist, mountaineer and explorer.

H

• Julius von Haast (1824 – 1887), New Zealand (born Germany), founded Canterbury Museum
• Sir James Hall (1761 – 1832), Scottish geologist, president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
• James Hall (1811-1898), USA, influential geologist and paleontologist
• W. Brian Harland (1917 – 2003), England, polar geologist
• Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith (b. 1923), England and Canada, polar geologist
• James Edwin Hawley (1897 – 1965), Canada, studied mineralogy of ore deposits
• Frank Hawthorne (b. 1968), Canadian mineralogist and crystallographer
• Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden (1829 – 1887), USA, pioneer Western geologist
• Sue Hendrickson (b.1949), American paleontologist; discoverer of “Sue”, the largest Tyrannosaurus rex ever found
• Harry Hess (1906 – 1969), USA geologist and oceanographer
• Pattillo Higgins (1863 – 1955), USA, known as the “Prophet of Spindletop“
• Eugene W. Hilgard (1833 – 1916), USA (born Germany), soil scientist
• Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Canada (born France), Quaternary geologist
• Paul F. Hoffman, USA & Canada, Snowball Earth theorist
• Arthur Holmes (1890 – 1965), England, author of Principles of Physical Geology
• Jack Horner (b. 1946), famous American dinosaur paleontologist; MacArthur Fellowship winner
• Kenneth J. Hsu (b. 1929), USA (born China), author of The Mediterranean was a Desert
• M. King Hubbert (1903 – 1989), USA, originator of “Peak Oil” theory
• James Hutton (1726 – 1797), Scottish geologist, father of modern geology

I

• Edward A. Irving (b. 1927), Canadian, used paleomagnetism to support continental drift theory

J

• James A. Jensen (1911-1998), USA, distinguished dinosaur paleontologist and sculptor

K

• Michael John Keen (1935 – 1991), Canada, professor and marine geoscientist
• Clarence King (1893 – 1971), USA, first director of the U.S. Geological Survey
• Sir Albert Ernest Kitson, (1868-1937), British/Australian geologist
• Andrew H. Knoll, (b. 1951), USA, Harvard geologist and paleontologist
• Danie G. Krige, South African mining engineer, inventor of kriging
• Thomas Edvard Krogh, Canada, geochronologist and a curator for the Royal Ontario Museum
• William C. Krumbein, (1902 – 1979), USA, sedimentologist
• Nikolai Kudryavtsev (1893 – 1971), Russian petroleum geologist

L

• Andrew Lawson (1861 – 1952), USA (born Scotland), named San Andreas fault
• Joseph LeConte (1823 – 1901), USA, first professor of geology, University of California
• Robert Legget (1904 – 1994), Canadian non-fiction writer, civil engineer, pedologist
• Inge Lehmann (1888 – 1993), Danish seismologist, discovered Lehmann discontinuity
• Luna Leopold (1915 – 2006), eminent American hydrologist
• Xavier Le Pichon (b. 1937), French plate tectonics geophysicist
• Waldemar Lindgren (1860 – 1939), distinguished Swedish-American economic geologist
• Li Shizhen (1518 – 1593), Ming Dynasty Chinese mineralogist, author of the Ben Cao Gang Mu (Compendium of Materia Medica)
• Martin Lister (c.1638 – 1712), England, pioneer geologist
• William Edmond Logan (1798 – 1875), Canada, founded Geological Survey of Canada
• Fred Longstaffe, Canada, Provost of University of Western Ontario
• Sir Charles Lyell (1797 – 1875), Scottish geologist, popularized principle of uniformitarianism

M

• William Maclure (1763 – 1840), published first geologic map of USA (1809)
• J. Ross Mackay (b. 1915), Canadian permafrost geologist
• Othniel Charles Marsh, (1831 – 1899), USA, pioneer dinosaur paleontologist; Bone Wars competitor
• Sir Douglas Mawson (1882 – 1958), Australian Antarctic explorer
• Sir Frederick McCoy (1817? – 1899), British and Australian palaeontologist and museum director
• Dan McKenzie (b. 1942), UK geophysicist, plate tectonics pioneer
• Digby McLaren (1919 – 2004), Canadian paleontologist
• Giuseppe Mercalli (1850 – 1914), Italian seismologist and volcanologist, developed Mercalli scale for measuring earthquakes
• Hans Merensky (1871 – 1952), South African economic geologist, discovered major diamond, platinum, chrome and copper deposits, including the Merensky Reef
• John C. Merriam (1869 – 1945), USA, vertebrate paleontologist, studied fossils from La Brea Tar Pits
• Waman Bapuji Metre (1906 – 1970), India, petroleum geologist
• Gerard V. Middleton (b. 1931), Canada, sedimentologist
• Andrija Mohorovičić (1857 – 1936), Croatian meteorologist and seismologist, discovered Mohorovicic Discontinuity
• Friedrich Mohs (1773 – 1839), Germany, devised Mohs’ scale of mineral hardness
• James Monger, Canadian Cordillera geologist
• W. Jason Morgan (b. 1935), American plate tectonics pioneer
• Eric W. Mountjoy, Canadian sedimentologist and petrologist
• Roderick Murchison (1792 – 1871), Scotland, author of The Silurian System (1839)
• Emiliano Mutti (b. 1933), Italian petroleum geologist

N

• Anthony J. Naldrett, Canadian (born England) nickel ore geologist
• E. R. Ward Neale (b. 1923), Atlantic Canada geologist
• John Strong Newberry (1822 – 1892), USA, pioneer Western geologist and explorer
• Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld (1792 – 1866), Finland and Russia, mineralogist

O

• John Ostrom (1928 – 2005), American dinosaur paleontologist, discovered warm-blooded Deinonychus

P

• Joseph Pardee (1871 – 1960), USA, channeled scablands
• Clair Cameron Patterson (1922 – 1995), USA, geochemist, fought lead poisoning
• R.A.F. Penrose, Jr. (1863 – 1931), USA, mining geologist, Penrose Medal
• John Phillips (1800 – 1874), Yorkshire geologist
• Vladimir Porfiriev (1899 – 1982), Russian petroleum geologist
• John Wesley Powell (1834 – 1902), USA, ex-soldier who mapped the Colorado River, second director of the USGS.
• Raymond A. Price (b. 1933) Canadian structural and tectonic geologist
• Raphael Pumpelly (1837 – 1923), USA, geologist and explorer

R

• Frederick Leslie Ransome (1868 – 1935), USA (born England), prolific USGS economic geologist
• David M. Raup, USA, mass-extinction paleontologist; author of Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck?
• Charles Richter (1900 – 1985), American seismologist, devised Richter magnitude scale for earthquakes
• Ferdinand Baron Von Richthofen (1833 – 1905), German geologist and geographer

S

• Donald F. Sangster, Canada, prize-winning lead-zinc economic geologist
• Harrison Schmitt (b. 1935), USA, Apollo 17 moonwalker
• Adam Sedgwick (1785 – 1873), England, proposed Devonian and Cambrian periods
• Nicholas Shackleton (1937 – 2006), British geologist and climatologist
• Shen Kuo (1031 – 1095), medieval Chinese mineralogist, meteorologist, author of the Meng Xi Bi Tan (Dream Pool Essays), early geomorphology theory
• Eugene Merle Shoemaker (1928 – 1997), USA, meteoriticist, co-discovered Comet Shoemaker-Levy
• George Gaylord Simpson (1902 – 1984), USA, eminent paleontologist
• William Smith (1769 – 1839), father of English Geology
• Flaxman Charles John Spurrell (1842 – 1915), English archaeologist, geologist and photographer
• Charles Steen (1919 – 2006), USA, discovered uranium near Moab, Utah
• Nicolas Steno (1638 – 1686), Denmark, pioneer in early-modern geology
• Clifford H. Stockwell, Canadian structural geologist, Geological Survey of Canada
• David Strangway, Canada, geophysicist and university administrator
• Charles R. Stelck (born 1917), Canada, petroleum geologist, emeritus professor
• Su Song (1020 – 1101), medieval Chinese mineralogist, author of the Ben Cao Tu Jing (Illustrated Pharmacopoeia)
• Eduard Suess (1831 – 1914), Austria (born England), named Gondwanaland

T

• Marie Tharp (1920 – 2006), co-discoverer of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge
• Lonnie Thompson (b. 1948), USA, glaciologist and ice-core climatologist
• Raymond Thorsteinsson (born c. 1930), Canada, prize-winning Arctic geologist
• Otto Martin Torell (1828 – 1900), chief of the Geological Survey of Sweden
• Joseph Tyrrell (1858 – 1957), Canadian paleontologist, namesake of Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology

U

• Warren Upham (1850 – 1934), USA, studied glacial Lake Agassiz

V

• Jan Veizer, Canadian isotope geochemist
• Felix Andries Vening Meinesz (1887 – 1966), Dutch geophysicist and gravimetric geodesist
• Vladimir Vernadsky (1863 – 1945), pioneer Russian geochemist and biogeochemist
• Fred Vine (born 1939), British marine geologist, geophysicist, plate tectonics pioneer

W

• Charles Doolittle Walcott (1850 – 1927), American paleontologist, discovered Burgess Shale fossils
• Roger G. Walker, prize-winning Canadian sedimentologist, emeritus professor
• Alfred Wegener (1880 – 1930), German meteorologist, continental drift pioneer
• Abraham Werner (1749? – 1817), Germany, proponent of Neptunism
• Josiah Whitney (1819 – 1896), chief of the California Geological Survey; Mt. Whitney
• Harold Williams (b. 1934), Atlantic Canada geologist
• Howel Williams (1898 – 1980), American (born England) volcanologist
• John Williamson (1907 – 1958), discovered the Williamson diamond mine, Tanzania
• J. Tuzo Wilson (1908 – 1993), Canadian geophysicist and plate tectonics geologist
• Newton Horace Winchell, (1839 – 1914), USA, geology of Minnesota
• William Henry Wright, (1876 – 1951), Canadian prospector and newspaper publisher, discovered Kirkland Lake gold district